The Khandagiri Caves, an early Jain monastic complex, are a marvel of ancient Indian rock-cut architecture. Located in the Indian state of Odisha, near the city of Bhubaneswar, these caves date back to the 2nd century BCE. They are a significant historical and religious site, showcasing intricate carvings and religious motifs. The caves are a testament to the rich cultural heritage of India and offer insights into the lives of Jain ascetics who once inhabited them.
Ancient Civilizations
All Ancient Civilizations, Cultures and People
Mamshit (Mampsis)
Mamshit is the modern name for the ancient city of Memphis, located in the Negev desert of Israel. This Nabatean city, once a stop on the incense route, is renowned for its well-preserved ruins that include churches, a market street, and elaborate houses with mosaic floors. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Mamshit unveils the richness of the Nabatean civilization and their architectural prowess. The city’s excavation has provided insights into the Nabatean way of life, their trade practices, and their eventual conversion to Christianity.
Guiengola
Guiengola is a significant archaeological site located in the Mexican state of Oaxaca. It was a pre-Columbian Zapotec fortified city, known for its unique hilltop location and strategic defensive attributes. The site offers a glimpse into the Zapotec civilization and their architectural prowess. Guiengola is less known compared to other Mesoamerican ruins, yet it provides valuable insights into the region’s history and culture.
Erk Kala (Fortress of Alexander)
Erk Kala, also known as the “Fortress of Alexander,” is an ancient archaeological site located in modern-day Turkmenistan. It is part of the larger site of Merv, which has been recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. Erk Kala dates back to the 6th century BC and is the oldest of the five main sites that make up the historical urban center of Merv. The site is a testament to the various cultures and empires that have influenced the region, including the Achaemenid Empire, the Hellenistic period, and later Islamic cultures.
Albanopolis
Albanopolis, an ancient city located in present-day Albania, has intrigued historians and archaeologists for years. Its exact location remained a mystery for centuries until archaeological evidence pointed towards the vicinity of Zgerdhesh hill, near Krujë. The city’s origins trace back to the Illyrians, an ancient group of people who lived in the Balkans. Ptolemy, the Greco-Roman geographer, first mentioned Albanopolis in his work, suggesting its significance during antiquity. Despite its historical importance, much about Albanopolis remains shrouded in mystery, making it a fascinating subject for study.
Koshoy Korgon (Qoshoy Qorgon)
Koshoy Korgon is an ancient fortress located in the At-Bashy district in Kyrgyzstan. It stands as a testament to the region’s historical significance, particularly during the period of the Turkic Khaganate. The site is a sprawling ruin, indicative of a once-mighty stronghold that played a crucial role in the defense and administration of the area. Its earthen walls, although now eroded, outline the formidable structure that would have been a hub of activity in its heyday.