The Timbuktu Manuscripts are a collection of historical texts from the West African city of Timbuktu. These manuscripts cover a wide range of topics, including religion, law, science, and literature. The texts provide a window into the intellectual life of Timbuktu from the 13th century AD through the 19th century AD. Scholars have used these…
The Armor of George Clifford
George Clifford, the third Earl of Cumberland (1558–1605), was an English nobleman, naval commander, and jouster. His distinctive suit of armor, created around 1586, is one of the finest examples of late 16th-century English plate armor. This armor reflects both the Earl’s status and the craftsmanship of the period. Today, the armor is housed in…
The Tlingit Wooden Armor
The Tlingit wooden armor, used by the indigenous Tlingit people of the Pacific Northwest, reflects their ingenuity in warfare. This armor is a rare example of protective gear made primarily from natural materials like wood, leather, and iron. It served both practical and ceremonial purposes during periods of conflict and cultural exchange with Russian and…
The Egyptian Crocodile Armor
The Egyptian crocodile armor was a unique form of body protection used in ancient Egypt, particularly during the New Kingdom period (c. 1550–1077 BC). This armor was made from crocodile hide, symbolizing strength, fearlessness, and connection to the Egyptian god Sobek, the deity of the Nile and fertility.Material and ConstructionThe armor was crafted using the…
Cosquer Cave
Cosquer Cave is a prehistoric cave located near Marseille, France, with its entrance submerged 37 meters (121 feet) below sea level. Henri Cosquer, a professional diver, discovered the cave in 1985 while exploring the underwater coastline of the Calanque de Morgiou. He did not reveal the discovery until 1991 after three divers died while attempting…
Tealing Earth House
Tealing Earth House is an ancient underground structure located near Dundee in Scotland. It dates back to the Iron Age, approximately between the 1st century AD and 2nd century AD. These structures, known as souterrains, were built across northern Britain and were likely used for storage, protection, or as a refuge. Discovery and Excavation Tealing…