Adab, also known as Bismaya, is an ancient Sumerian city located in modern-day Iraq. It flourished during the early dynastic period, which dates back to approximately 2900-2334 BCE. The city’s ruins were discovered in the early 20th century, revealing a rich history and significant contributions to the development of early urban civilization. Adab played a crucial role in the political and economic landscape of Sumer and has been a focal point for understanding the evolution of ancient Mesopotamian societies.
Ancient Civilizations
All Ancient Civilizations, Cultures and People
Shuruppak
Shuruppak, once a flourishing Sumerian city on the banks of the Euphrates River, is a testament to ancient Mesopotamian civilization. Known as one of the oldest cities in the world, it dates back to at least the early third millennium BC. The city is mentioned in ancient literature, including the Epic of Gilgamesh, and is associated with the Sumerian King List. Excavations have revealed a wealth of information about early urban development, trade, and the daily life of its inhabitants.
Sippar
Sippar was an ancient city on the east bank of the Euphrates river. Its history spans several millennia, with its foundation dating back to at least the 3rd millennium BC. Known as a center of worship for the sun god Shamash, Sippar played a significant role in the religious and commercial life of Mesopotamia. The city’s remains, including the famous Temple of the Sun, provide valuable insights into the ancient civilization of Sumer and later Babylonian culture.
Intihuatana, Urubamba
The Intihuatana at Urubamba is a significant archeological artifact located in the Machu Picchu district of Peru. Carved from a single piece of granite, this stone structure is often referred to as the “Hitching Post of the Sun.” It is believed to have been constructed by the Inca civilization and played a crucial role in their astronomical observations and religious ceremonies. The Intihuatana’s precise function remains a topic of scholarly debate, but it is widely recognized as an important cultural heritage site and a testament to the advanced knowledge of the Inca people.
Puyupatamarca
Puyupatamarca, known as the “Cloud-Level Town,” is a remarkable Incan site nestled in the Andes along the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu. This archaeological wonder boasts intricate stone constructions, including baths and ceremonial fountains, and offers breathtaking views of the surrounding mountains. Its well-preserved state allows visitors to step back in time and experience the ingenuity of Incan architecture and urban planning.
Qollmay
Qollmay, also known as Qollqay, is an archaeological site located in the Sacred Valley of the Incas, near Cusco, Peru. It is less well-known than its famous neighbor, Machu Picchu, but it holds significant historical value. The site features a series of terraces carved into the hillside, which are indicative of the advanced agricultural practices of the Inca civilization. Qollmay is believed to have played a role in both the agricultural and religious aspects of Inca society.