The Pömmelte Circle Shrine is an ancient ceremonial site located near the Elbe River in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. This Neolithic structure dates back to around 2300 BC, making it roughly contemporaneous with Stonehenge in England. Archaeologists believe it was used for religious and ceremonial purposes, such as ritual offerings and burials.
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Discovery and Excavation
The site was first discovered in 1991 through aerial photography. Archaeologists recognized the distinct circular structure and began excavation in 2005. The German Archaeological Institute (DAI) led the research team, uncovering several rings of posts and ditches that once surrounded the central area. Unlike Stonehenge, which is constructed from stone, the Pömmelte Circle consists mainly of wood. However, its layout resembles that of other famous prehistoric henge monuments.
Structure and Layout
The Pömmelte Circle consists of several concentric rings. The outermost ring measures around 115 meters in diameter. This structure includes ditches, embankments, and wooden posts arranged in a circular pattern. Researchers have identified seven distinct rings, each likely serving a specific function. The site also features entrances aligned with the cardinal points, similar to other Neolithic henges, suggesting an astronomical or calendrical function.
Rituals and Offerings
Evidence of ritual activities is abundant at the site. Excavations uncovered human remains, including fragmented bones, indicating possible sacrificial rites. Archaeologists also found pottery, stone tools, and other objects that were likely offerings. Researchers believe that the shrine served as a place for both community gatherings and religious rituals, similar to Stonehenge and other European henges.
Cultural Significance
The Pömmelte Circle Shrine was likely part of the larger Bell Beaker culture, which spread across Europe between 2800 and 1800 BC. This culture is known for its distinctive pottery and burial practices. The site reflects a blend of local traditions and broader European cultural elements. Its construction and use spanned several centuries before being deliberately decommissioned around 2050 BC. Researchers believe that the site was intentionally dismantled, as evidenced by the orderly removal of posts and the burial of objects.
Comparison to Stonehenge
The Pömmelte Circle Shrine often draws comparisons to Stonehenge due to its circular structure and ceremonial purpose. However, there are notable differences. While Stonehenge was built primarily with stone, the Pömmelte Circle is made from wood. Additionally, the rituals at Pömmelte seem to have involved human sacrifices, which are not as clearly evidenced at Stonehenge. Both sites, however, demonstrate the significance of astronomy in their construction and layout.
Conclusion
The Pömmelte Circle Shrine provides a fascinating glimpse into the religious and cultural practices of prehistoric Europe. Its careful design and evidence of ritual use highlight the importance of communal and ceremonial spaces during the Neolithic period. Ongoing research continues to shed light on the role of this site within the broader context of European prehistory.
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