Oqsaroy: The Architectural Gem of Shahrisabz
Oqsaroy, also known as Ak-Saray Palace, is a magnificent architectural monument located in Shahrisabz, Qashqadaryo region of Uzbekistan. It stands as a testament to the grandeur of Amir Temur’s era. This palace, constructed between 1380 AD and 1404 AD, showcases the rich cultural heritage and artistic excellence of the time.
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Construction and History
Amir Temur initiated the construction of Oqsaroy in 1380 AD, dedicating it to the memory of his mother, Takinaxotun. The construction was completed in 1386 AD, but decorative works continued until 1404 AD. The palace’s construction involved artisans from various regions, including Khwarezm and Iran. Notably, the dome and arch were crafted by the renowned stone cutter, Muhammad Yusuf Tabrizi, whose name is inscribed within the dome.
The original design of Oqsaroy included a structure that was intended to reach 73 meters in height, with a small pool on the roof that created a waterfall effect. The palace’s foundation was constructed using gold sand and built deeply to ensure its stability.
Architectural Features
Today, only parts of Oqsaroy remain, including its grand portal, flanked by two minarets, and sections of the foundation. The remaining structure still exudes a sense of grandeur and beauty. The front and north walls were meticulously crafted with intricate brickwork, creating a uniform and impressive appearance. The portal, measuring 22.5 meters in width and 40 meters in height, stands as a testament to the architectural prowess of the era. Visitors can ascend through the spiral staircase inside the minarets to get a view from the top.
The entrance to the palace features symbols of lions and the sun, along with three interlocking rings representing Temur’s empire. Both the interior and exterior walls are adorned with Kufic inscriptions, decorative motifs, and intricate Islamic geometric patterns.
Historical Insights
Oqsaroy’s historical significance is also highlighted by various accounts and descriptions. Abdurazzoq Samarqandiy noted the involvement of skilled Khwarezm artisans in constructing the majestic palace, which became known as Oqsaroy. When Spanish envoy Ruy González de Clavijo visited the palace in 1404 AD, he was astonished by its beauty, despite parts of it still being under construction.
According to historical records, Oqsaroy was designed to serve both residential and communal purposes. The central courtyard housed a pool, with a large domed room (devonxona) at the far end, flanked by smaller rooms for advisors. The interior featured luxurious arcades, a harem, and the private quarters of Amir Temur. The devonxona’s entrance showcased the emblem of Temur’s empire and intricate decorative patterns.
Unique Features
One of Oqsaroy’s unique features was the rooftop pool. Water flowed from the Taxtaqoracha pass through lead pipes to create a waterfall, enhancing the palace’s splendor. This innovative design added to the palace’s allure and functionality.
Preservation and Archaeological Efforts
In the early 18th century, Bukhara Khan Ubaydullaxon was crowned under the portal of Oqsaroy, indicating that the structure was still intact at that time. Archaeological research conducted between 1973 and 1975, and conservation efforts from 1994 to 1996, have helped preserve parts of the palace. These efforts included the discovery of mosaic flooring and sections of the courtyard, shedding light on the palace’s original layout.
In 2002, in conjunction with Shahrisabz’s 2700th anniversary celebrations, UNESCO assisted in partially restoring Oqsaroy. These efforts ensured that this architectural gem remains a testament to the cultural and historical legacy of Amir Temur.
Conclusion
Oqsaroy stands as a symbol of Amir Temur’s vision and the architectural brilliance of his era. Despite the passage of centuries and the ravages of time, the remnants of this grand palace continue to inspire awe and admiration. Oqsaroy’s rich history, innovative design, and intricate decorations make it a priceless heritage site, reflecting the glory and grandeur of ancient Shahrisabz.
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