The Tomb of Humayun is a prominent historical site located in Delhi, India. It is the burial place of Humayun, the second Mughal emperor. The tomb, built in 1570 AD, is a fine example of Mughal architecture and one of the first significant Mughal structures to feature Persian influences.
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Historical Background
Humayun was the son of Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire. After his death in 1556 AD, his wife, Empress Haji Begum, commissioned the construction of the tomb. The design reflects both Persian and Mughal architectural styles. It was constructed by the Persian architect Mirak Mirza Ghiyas, with its grand scale symbolizing the empire’s power.
Architectural Features
The Tomb of Humayun is an early example of the Persian-style garden tomb. It stands on a raised platform and has a large central dome made of red sandstone and white marble. The structure features an octagonal base, and the tomb itself is surrounded by lush gardens, which are laid out in the Charbagh style. This style divides the garden into four parts by walkways or water channels.
Inside the tomb, Humayun’s grave is located under the central dome. The tomb complex also contains the graves of several other Mughal emperors and royal family members, including Emperor Akbar’s wife, Empress Mariam-uz-Zamani.
Significance
The Tomb of Humayun marks the beginning of a new phase in Mughal architecture. Its grand design and innovative use of the garden setting influenced later Mughal tombs, including the Taj Mahal. The monument is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognized for its historical and architectural value.
Restoration and Preservation
The tomb faced significant deterioration over the centuries, especially during British rule. In the 19th century, it suffered damage due to neglect. In the 20th century, the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) undertook efforts to restore the tomb. The restoration was carried out using original materials and techniques to preserve its authenticity.
Today, the Tomb of Humayun stands as a testament to Mughal architecture. It draws visitors from around the world and is an important symbol of India’s cultural heritage. The restoration work has ensured that future generations can appreciate its historical significance.
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