The Storied Thirumayam Fort: A Glimpse into History
Thirumayam Fort spans over 40 acres and stands as a symbol of Tamil Nadu’s rich history. Located in the town of Thirumayam, along the Pudukkottai-Karaikudi Highway, this fort has witnessed centuries of change and conflict. Originally constructed in 1687 by Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi, the Raja of Ramnad, it was later handed over to his brother-in-law, Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman. The fort has undergone significant renovations, the most recent being in 2012 by the Archaeological Survey of India.
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Architecture: A Testament to Time
Originally designed as a ‘ring fort,’ Thirumayam Fort featured seven concentric walls. Today, only four of those walls remain. The construction, while impressive, shows signs of the time in which it was built. Small stones and bricks were used, leading to what is now considered an inferior structure by modern standards. The fort has three main entrances: one each on the north, south, and east sides.
As you explore the fort, you’ll notice several shrines dedicated to various deities. The southern side houses shrines to Hanuman, Sakthi, Ganapathi, and Karuppar. On the northern side, a shrine dedicated to Bhairava can be found. A chamber, likely used as a magazine, lies halfway up on the right side of the fort. Directly opposite, a rock-cut cell contains a linga on a yonipitha, with a dwarf figure supporting the spout.
Bastions, Cannons, and Sacred Temples
At the top of the fort, a bastion holds a cannon of British origin, a reminder of the colonial influence in the region. Nearby, a natural pond adds a touch of serenity to the otherwise rugged landscape. The southern slope of the hill features two rock-cut temples. One temple is dedicated to Sri Sathyamurthy-Sri Uyyavanda Nachiar, representing the Vaishnavite tradition, while the other is dedicated to Sri Sathyagireeswarar-Sri Venuvaneeswari, a Saivite temple. Both temples hold significant historical and religious importance.
The fort also boasts six more cannons, strategically placed at the north, south, and east gates. To the northwest and southeast of the fort, you’ll find additional water bodies, adding to the fort’s natural defenses.
Historical Significance: A Stronghold of Rebellion
Thirumayam Fort holds a prominent place in Indian history, particularly during the Polygar Wars. It served as a stronghold for rebel chieftains resisting British rule. Notably, Oomathurai, the brother of the famed Panchalankurichi chieftain Kattabomman, was captured here. Due to this association, the fort is locally known as Oomayan Kottai, meaning ‘fort of the dumb.’
The fort, now maintained by the Archaeological Survey of India, is a ticketed monument. Despite its tumultuous history, it stands as a reminder of the region’s resilience and resistance.
The Hill Fort Structure: Circular Walls and Deep Moats
Built in 1676, the hill fort was constructed during the reign of the Sethupathi kings of Ramanathapuram. The fort’s circular design is still evident today, though traces of the deep moats that once surrounded it are faint. The outer walls, once a formidable defensive barrier, are now in ruins. However, the inner walls remain intact, showcasing the fort’s enduring strength.
The inner fort, located atop a high hill, is surrounded by natural ramparts and circular walls. Despite the passage of time, these walls are still standing. The western entrance of the fort is protected by the Department of Archaeology. A cannon platform at the top of the hill faces east, with additional cannons positioned near the southern entrance. While many of the fort’s original structures are no longer preserved, the site still holds significant historical artifacts. Costume swords, cannonballs, cannons, and other relics collected from the fort are displayed in the Pudukottai District Museum.
Conclusion
Thirumayam Fort is not just a structure of stone and brick; it is a living testament to the region’s rich history and cultural heritage. From its strategic importance during the Polygar Wars to its religious significance, the fort remains a vital link to the past. Today, it stands as a monument preserved for future generations to explore and learn from, a true gem in the heart of Tamil Nadu.
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