Introduction to Pomona: A Maya Archaeological Site
Pomona stands as a significant Maya archaeological site located in the Mexican state of Tabasco, within the municipality of Tenosique. Approximately 30 miles east of the renowned site of Palenque, Pomona’s historical significance is rooted in its flourishing during the Late Classic period of Maya civilization. This blog post aims to delve into the site’s geographical setting, its discovery and exploration, historical events associated with Pomona, and its artistic contributions to the Maya culture.
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Geographical Setting and Exploration
Situated in a fertile and hilly region, Pomona is part of the Usumacinta river sites, which are known for their strategic locations along the river. The site was discovered in 1959, marking a significant addition to the understanding of Maya settlements in the area. However, exploration of Pomona has been limited, with significant investigations conducted only between 1986 and 1988. The site comprises six archaeological complexes, of which only the northernmost has been explored. This explored complex features a quadrangular plaza surrounded by 13 buildings, offering insights into the architectural practices of the Maya in this region.
Historical Significance
The historical timeline of Pomona is marked by several key events and figures. Textual evidence from the site refers to dates as early as 297 CE, indicating the long-standing significance of Pomona within the Maya civilization. A notable event in 659 CE involved the capture of six lords by Palenque, one of whom was from Pipa’, a location associated with Pomona. This incident underscores the interconnectedness of Maya city-states and their political dynamics.
In 751 CE, a king of Pomona ascended to the throne under the supervision of K’inich Kan Bahlam III of Palenque, highlighting the influence of Palenque over Pomona. The site also faced military challenges, as evidenced by attacks from Piedras Negras in 792 CE and again two years later, resulting in the capture of prisoners and the defeat of the Pomona king named Kuch’ Bahlam. These events reflect the turbulent political landscape of the Maya civilization during this period.
Artistic Legacy
Pomona is celebrated for its exquisite relief sculpture, which bears similarities to the artistic styles of Jonuta and Palenque. The delicacy and beauty of these sculptures are emblematic of the artistic achievements of the Maya. One notable relief panel from Pomona (Fig. 3) depicts two young princes adorned with the aquatic attributes of the Bacabs, holding Year Bearer days in their hands. This artistic representation not only showcases the skill of Maya artisans but also provides insights into the cultural and religious beliefs of the time.
Conclusion
Pomona serves as a testament to the rich cultural heritage and historical complexity of the Maya civilization. Despite limited exploration, the site offers valuable insights into the architectural, political, and artistic practices of the Maya. The historical events associated with Pomona, coupled with its artistic legacy, underscore the significance of this site within the broader context of Maya archaeology. Further research and exploration of Pomona have the potential to unveil more about the intricacies of Maya civilization and its enduring legacy.
Source:
Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomona,_Tabasco
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