Nokalakevi

An Overview of Nokalakevi

Nokalakevi, also known as Archaeopolis, is an archaeological site in the western Georgian region of Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti, near the village of the same name in Senaki municipality. Its historical significance is rooted in its multifaceted role throughout Georgia’s ancient and medieval periods. The fortifications visible today predominantly date back to the 4th and 6th centuries AD, although the area boasts a much longer history of human settlement.

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The Archaeological Significance of Nokalakevi

Excavations at Nokalakevi have revealed layers of habitation dating back to the early Iron Age with continuous settlement through the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods. Scholars believe that Nokalakevi played a crucial role in the regional power struggles of these eras. Some also associate Nokalakevi with the ancient city of Aia, which holds a prominent place in classic sources related to the eastern Black Sea littoral, including the accounts of the renowned geographer Strabo.

Historical Accounts and Associations

Byzantine chroniclers, such as Procopius and Agathias, reference a town called “Tsikhegoji” or “Archaeopolis”, and some historians correlate this with Nokalakevi. There is evidence that this site was the capital of Lazica during the Byzantine period and was a focal point of the Lazic War, between the Byzantine Empire and Sassanid Persians in the 6th century AD. However, these interpretations are based on the textual analysis of historical sources, and archaeological evidence remains the primary source of information on the site.

The Archaeological Findings

The substantial fortifications imply that Nokalakevi was a place of considerable military significance. These fortifications include massive defensive walls and impressive gates which survive to considerable heights in places. Excavations have uncovered a rich array of archaeological materials, including an array of pottery sherds, metalwork, and remnants of ancient baths with hypocaust systems, indicative of Roman influence.

Excavation History

The archaeological exploration of Nokalakevi has a rich history stretching back over a century. Initial digs commenced in 1937 but were interrupted by the onset of the Second World War. Excavations resumed in more recent times, with a joint effort between the Georgian National Museum and various international partners, including the British Institute at Ankara. This collaboration has brought together expertise from a variety of fields and has integrated a multidisciplinary approach to the study of the site.

Importance in Heritage and Tourism

Nokalakevi is more than just an archaeological site. It functions as a symbol of Georgian heritage and is important for national identity and historical consciousness. The educational role of Nokalakevi is facilitated by the Eristavi National Museum at the site, which houses many of the artefacts discovered during various excavation campaigns. The site is also a significant tourist destination, drawing history enthusiasts from around the globe to witness the ancient ruins and beautiful surrounding landscapes of Georgia.

Challenges for Preservation

Maintaining the integrity of Nokalakevi is fraught with challenges, as is the case with many archaeological sites. The preservation of Nokalakevi’s heritage is a delicate balancing act between the educational and economic benefits of tourism, and the need to protect and conserve the site for future generations. Georgian authorities and international partners are continually working to develop sustainable methods of site management that prioritize its conservation while making it accessible to the public.

Conclusion

Nokalakevi stands as a testament to Georgia’s rich and diverse history. The ongoing archaeological work at this site is vital for unraveling the country’s ancient past and offers valuable insights into the broader context of the Caucasus region’s historical landscape. With each layer uncovered, the story of Nokalakevi becomes more intricate, highlighting its importance as a seat of power, a center of commerce, and a beacon of culture through the ages.

Sources: Wikipedia