The Long Man of Wilmington: An Archaeological and Cultural Overview
The Long Man of Wilmington, also known as the Wilmington Giant, is a prominent hill figure located on the steep slopes of Windover Hill near Wilmington, East Sussex, England. This figure, standing at 235 feet tall and holding two staves, is a significant cultural and historical landmark within the region.
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Historical Context and Archaeological Findings
The Long Man of Wilmington has been a subject of fascination and speculation for centuries. Initially, it was believed that the figure dated back to the Iron Age or even the Neolithic period. This was supported by its proximity to a long barrow and similarities to other ancient hill figures. However, a pivotal archaeological investigation in 2003 led by Martin Bell of the University of Reading suggested a much later date. The findings indicated that the figure likely originated in the 16th or 17th century AD, a period marked by significant social and political changes in England.
This revelation has shifted the understanding of the Long Man’s origins and its purpose. The figure’s creation during the Early Modern period opens up interpretations of it being a form of political satire or a religious iconography related to the Reformation. The investigation highlighted that the slope had experienced instability during this period, which coincides with the estimated time of the figure’s creation.
Physical Description and Restoration
The Long Man of Wilmington is designed to appear in proportion when viewed from below. Historically, it was thought to have been carved directly from the underlying chalk. However, the modern figure is actually formed from white-painted breeze blocks and lime mortar, a detail that becomes apparent upon closer inspection.
The figure underwent a significant ‘restoration’ in 1873-74, led by Reverend William de St Croix. This restoration involved outlining the figure with yellow bricks, which were whitewashed and cemented together. Although intended to preserve the figure, this restoration may have altered some original features, including the position of the feet and the proportions of the figure.
Cultural Significance and Modern Interactions
The Long Man of Wilmington holds a special place in local and national culture. It is one of two major extant human hill figures in England, alongside the Cerne Abbas Giant. Both are recognized as Scheduled Monuments, highlighting their importance in British heritage.
In contemporary times, the Long Man continues to be a site of cultural activities and expressions. It hosts annual pagan celebrations and has been involved in various modern events, which sometimes stir controversy. For instance, in 2007, a television show altered the figure’s appearance to resemble a female form, which led to protests from Neo-Pagan groups who consider the site sacred.
Conclusion
The Long Man of Wilmington is a fascinating example of how historical figures can continue to play a significant role in modern cultural and spiritual life. Its origins, once shrouded in mystery, have been illuminated by archaeological research, yet it still retains an air of mystique. As a cultural icon, it not only offers insights into the past but also continues to influence present-day traditions and artistic expressions. The ongoing interest and care for the Long Man underscore its enduring significance in the English cultural landscape.
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