Kharraqan towers

An Examination of the Kharraqan Towers

The Kharraqan towers are remarkable examples of funerary towers from the Seljuk era, located in the Kharraqan village near Qazvin province in Iran. These towers, built in 1067 AD and 1093 AD respectively, stand as testimonies to the architectural genius and aesthetic sensibility of the Seljuk period. This post examines the architectural features, historical context, and significance of these monuments.

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Architectural Features

The first tower, constructed in 1067 AD by the architect, Muhammad ibn Makki al-Zanjani, boasts a structure predominantly square at the base with a Kufic inscription band. The tower transitions into a 16-sided polygon and is topped with a conical roof. Notably, it is supported on the inside by squinches forming an octagon at the top of the cubical base. The exterior has intricate stucco decoration displaying geometric and vegetal motifs.

The second tower, built in 1093 AD, though similar in function, differs significantly in design. Its square base supports an upper cylindrical tomb chamber which then transforms into a 24-sided polygon before culminating in a conical roof. Distinguishing itself from the first tower, it features four engaged columns that protrude from each face of the square, giving it a dynamic visual profile. This tower was credited to the architect, Abu’l-Ma’ali.

Historical Context and Construction

These towers were erected during the Seljuk period, a time of considerable architectural innovation. Both towers are indicative of the advances in Islamic architecture during the 11th century AD. They were part of a larger trend of constructing tomb towers in the northeastern regions of Iran, post-dating the Samanid Mausoleum. The Kharraqan towers exhibit a particular Persian architectural element, the “pishtaq”, which is a recessed facade, demonstrating the complex interplay between decorative function and structural integrity during this era.

The towers were not just architectural achievements but were also believed to house the remains of Seljuk royalty or nobility, marking their significance in the social and political fabric of the time. Although there is no concrete evidence to precisely identify the individuals interred within these towers, their monumental nature indicates that they were likely individuals of considerable stature.

The Significance of Kharraqan Towers

The Kharraqan towers hold immense historical value as they provide insight into the engineering prowess of the Seljuks and their artistic inclinations towards intricate stucco work. The combination of geometric precision and decorative flourishes are representative of the region’s architectural vocabulary. Moreover, they retain elements of both pre-Islamic and Islamic architectural traditions, bridging a historical divide and illustrating the cultural synthesis that occurred under Seljuk rule.

The ongoing preservation of these towers demonstrates their significance as part of Iran’s national heritage. Despite facing damage from natural disasters, like the earthquake in 2002, efforts have been made to restore and maintain them. The towers serve not only as physical manifestations of the Seljuk’s architectural legacy but also as cultural symbols of Iran’s historical development.

In conclusion, the Kharraqan towers are distinguished by their unique design, intricate details, and structural innovations. They serve as indicators of the broader historical narrative of the 11th-century AD in Persia. Harnessing a deep connection with the Seljuk’s landscaping abilities, the towers stand as an enduring legacy to the dynastic and architectural history of the region.

As a scholarly revisit to these awe-inspiring structures, it is imperative to acknowledge their contribution to our understanding of the historical and cultural landscape of Iran during the Seljuk period. Their existence provides an invaluable link to the architectural traditions and societal norms of their time, offering scholars a rich field for further study and appreciation.

Sources:

Wikipedia