Falak-ol-Aflak Castle, also known as Shapur Khast Castle, is a monumental structure located in Khorramabad, the capital of Lorestan province, Iran. This castle, which dates back to the Sassanid era (224–651 AD), stands majestically atop a large hill, sharing its name with the fortress itself. The strategic positioning of the castle, alongside the Khorramabad River and surrounded by natural defenses, has contributed to its historical significance and preservation.
Fortifications
Whitley Castle (Epiacum Roman Fort)
Whitley Castle, also known as Epiacum, is a Roman fort situated in Northumberland, England. It boasts a unique diamond-shaped design, which stands out among Roman fortifications. The site, perched on a spur of Alston Moor, overlooks the South Tyne Valley. Archaeologists believe the fort served both military and administrative purposes during the Roman occupation of Britain. Over time, Whitley Castle has sparked interest for its historical significance and the insights it provides into Roman military architecture.
Erk Kala (Fortress of Alexander)
Erk Kala, also known as the “Fortress of Alexander,” is an ancient archaeological site located in modern-day Turkmenistan. It is part of the larger site of Merv, which has been recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. Erk Kala dates back to the 6th century BC and is the oldest of the five main sites that make up the historical urban center of Merv. The site is a testament to the various cultures and empires that have influenced the region, including the Achaemenid Empire, the Hellenistic period, and later Islamic cultures.
Paramonga Fortress
Paramonga Fortress stands as a testament to the ingenuity of ancient cultures. Nestled in the coastal valleys of Peru, this pre-Inca citadel captures the attention of historians and travelers alike. It showcases the architectural prowess of the Chimu and the succeeding Inca civilization. Remnants of walls, reliefs, and impressive gateways beckon visitors to explore its storied past. The fortress, believed to be built in the 15th century, served multiple roles, from a military stronghold to a site of religious significance.
QirqQiz Fortress
The QirqQiz Fortress holds a tale as ancient as the Silk Road winds that sweep across Central Asia. This imposing structure, nestled in the fertile region of modern-day Uzbekistan, stands as a testament to the engineering and military prowess of the Karakhanid era. Built between the 11th and 12th centuries, the fortress’s purpose was to guard a thriving city along one of the world’s busiest trade routes back then. Its sturdy walls, although partially in ruins, tell a story of resilience and cultural exchange, offering a vivid window into the past for historians and travelers alike.
Erebuni Fortress
Delve into the past at Erebuni Fortress, a historical marvel in Yerevan, Armenia. Founded in 782 BC by King Argishti I of Urartu, this ancient site offers a window into the Iron Age kingdom’s might and sophistication. Visitors can explore the remnants of the once-majestic fortress and temple, revealing the Urartian passion for architecture and worship. The fortress, perched atop Arin Berd hill, provides a panoramic view of the modern city against the backdrop of Mount Ararat, blending the ancient with the present.