Dhammayangyi Temple is one of the largest and most impressive monuments in Bagan, Myanmar. Constructed during the reign of King Narathu (AD 1167–1170), it remains an iconic example of Bagan architecture. The temple is renowned for its massive size, intricate brickwork, and historical significance.
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Historical Background
King Narathu ordered the construction of Dhammayangyi Temple to atone for the sins he believed he had committed. According to historical accounts, he had killed his father and brother to ascend the throne. As a result, he sought to build a temple that would earn him divine favor and redemption. The temple’s construction began in AD 1167 and likely continued until Narathu’s death in AD 1170.
Architecture and Design
Dhammayangyi Temple is a massive structure, measuring approximately 63 meters long, 58 meters wide, and 46 meters tall. The temple is built from brick, and its design follows the typical style of Bagan temples, with multiple terraces and a central spire. What distinguishes Dhammayangyi is its flawless brickwork. The bricks are perfectly aligned, with minimal mortar used, making the structure remarkably sturdy.
The temple features four large corridors that surround a central sanctum. The walls of these corridors are adorned with intricate carvings and sculptures, depicting scenes from the life of the Buddha. The interior of the temple originally housed a massive Buddha statue, but it has since been removed or destroyed.
Significance
Dhammayangyi Temple holds great historical and religious significance. It is an important example of Bagan’s religious and architectural heritage. The temple is dedicated to the Theravada Buddhist tradition and served as a place of worship and meditation. Its sheer scale and the ambition behind its construction reflect the power and influence of the Bagan kingdom at its height.
The temple’s unique brickwork, particularly the seamless construction of its walls, stands as a testament to the advanced engineering skills of the Bagan architects. Despite the passage of time and natural disasters, the temple has endured, continuing to draw the attention of scholars, historians, and tourists.
Mystery and Legend
Over the centuries, Dhammayangyi Temple has been surrounded by mystery and legend. One such legend suggests that King Narathu ordered the execution of the workers who built the temple to ensure its perfection. According to some sources, the workers were buried alive in the brickwork. While there is no definitive historical evidence to support this, the temple’s flawless brickwork and the king’s notorious reputation for cruelty have fueled such stories.
Another mystery is the temple’s incomplete state. Despite its grand design, the temple was never fully finished. Some historians suggest that the king’s sudden death led to the abandonment of the project. Others propose that the temple’s construction was halted due to political instability or financial difficulties.
Preservation and Modern Day
Today, Dhammayangyi Temple stands as a popular tourist attraction and a UNESCO World Heritage site. Efforts to preserve the temple have been ongoing, especially after damage caused by earthquakes in the 20th century. The temple remains a symbol of Bagan’s architectural brilliance and religious devotion, attracting visitors who come to witness its grandeur and learn about its complex history.
In conclusion, Dhammayangyi Temple represents a significant part of Myanmar’s cultural and religious history. Its architectural features, historical context, and the mysteries surrounding its construction make it a key site for study and exploration. The temple continues to be a testament to the legacy of the Bagan civilization.
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