Bubastis

Introduction to Bubastis

Bubastis, also known as Per-Bast, was an ancient Egyptian city. It was the capital of its own nome in the Delta region of Lower Egypt. The city was a significant center for the worship of the feline goddess Bastet. This made it the principal location in Egypt for the mummies of cats.

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Etymology and Location

The name Bubastis in Egyptian, Pr-Bȝst.t, means “House of Bast.” It reflects the city’s dedication to the goddess Bastet. The ruins of Bubastis are now found in the suburbs of the modern city of Zagazig.

Historical Significance

Bubastis was not just a religious center. It also played a crucial role in Egypt’s political and military history. It served as the capital of the nome of Am-Khent, the 18th nome of Lower Egypt. The city was strategically located along the eastern side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile.

Architectural Heritage

The city was renowned for its grand temple dedicated to Bastet. Described by Herodotus, the temple was surrounded by water, except at the entrance. It featured two canals lined with trees. The temple itself was adorned with impressive sculptures and surrounded by a high wall with reliefs.

Religious Practices

Bubastis was pivotal in the worship of Bastet. The goddess was depicted with the head of a cat or a lioness. The annual procession in honor of Bastet was one of the most joyous and splendid festivals in the Egyptian calendar. Herodotus notes that up to 700,000 pilgrims participated in the festival.

Decline and Legacy

The city’s prominence declined after it was captured by the Persians in 525 BC. The walls of Bubastis were dismantled, marking the beginning of its gradual decline. However, the city continued to be a site of religious significance and an episcopal see in the Christian period.

Archaeological Excavations

Since 2008, the German-Egyptian “Tell Basta Project” has been conducting excavations in Bubastis. These efforts have unearthed significant artifacts, including a well-preserved copy of the Decree of Canopus.

Conclusion

Bubastis holds a unique place in the history of ancient Egypt. Its religious, cultural, and political significance was immense. Today, the ongoing archaeological efforts continue to reveal more about this fascinating city. The legacy of Bubastis, encapsulated in its ruins and relics, continues to be a subject of interest for historians and archaeologists alike.