Belum Caves

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Introduction to Belum Caves

The Belum Caves are a significant natural and historical phenomenon, located in the Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh, India. As the second-largest cave system open to the public in the Indian subcontinent, these caves hold immense geological, archaeological, and cultural value. Originally discovered by a British surveyor, H.B. Foote, in 1884, they were not fully explored until a team from the Archaeological Survey of India conducted a detailed investigation of the caves in 1982 and 1983.

Geological Formation and Structure

Belum Caves are formed in Black Limestone, typifying the geological feature known as “Karst Topography.” Through a long and intricate process wherein water percolates into the earth’s crust and dissolves the carbonate bedrock, these caves have developed their present structure over the course of tens of thousands of years. The caves reach depths of 46 meters (151 feet), with a length of over 3,229 meters (10,593 feet), showcasing nature’s artistry with stalactite and stalagmite formations.

Archaeological and Cultural Importance

The caves have been determined to be approximately 4500 years old, substantiating their archaeological significance. Pre-Buddhist artifacts suggest that Buddhist monks once inhabited these caverns, evident from the remains of beds, pillows carved out of rock, and ancient script. Furthermore, relics from the Chola period and a statue of the Buddhist monk Nagarjuna were discovered, hinting at the caves’ historical and spiritual significance to the region’s past civilizations.

Distinct Sections and Features

Belum Caves are adorned with distinct sections and features that add to their allure. The “Saptasvarala Guha” or the “Chamber of Musical Notes” is one such section, where stalactites, when struck, produce musical notes. Another notable feature is the Patalaganga – an underground stream. The presence of fresh water sources alongside the natural artwork of the caves, including formations like the “Mandapam,” “Koti Lingalu,” and the “Dhyan Mandir,” make for a spectacular subterranean landscape.

Conservation and Tourism

Recognizing the importance of Belum Caves, the Andhra Pradesh Government has taken steps towards their conservation and promotion as a tourist destination. The caves were opened to the public in 2002 after installing lighting and creating pathways that allow for secure navigation through the complex. Today, the Belum Caves attract thousands of visitors annually, offering a unique experience of India’s geological and archaeological heritage.

Access and Visitor Information

Equipped with the knowledge of their location and significance, visitors can access the Belum Caves by various transportation modes. They are situated 106 kilometers from Kurnool, and the closest village, Belum, lies 3 kilometers from the cave entrance. Public transport and private vehicles enable access to this natural wonder. Opening hours for the caves extend from 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM, and a small fee is charged for entry. Given their depth and size, guided tours are recommended to gain deeper insight into the history and features of the caves.

Conclusion

The Belum Caves represent a fascinating intersection of natural wonder, historical depth, and cultural significance. Their formation over thousands of years, coupled with their archaeological relevance, offers a unique perspective on India’s natural history and the evolution of human civilizations in the region. With proper conservation efforts and sustainable tourism practices, the caves will continue to provide insights and education to visitors and researchers alike, carving out a narrative in the limestone that is as enduring as it is inspiring.

Sources:

Wikipedia