Coatetelco archaeological site

Introduction

The Coatetelco archaeological site, also known by its alternate spellings such as Cuatetelco, Cuahtetelco, and Cuauhtetelco, represents a significant pre-Hispanic cultural heritage located in the vicinity of the Coatetelco Lagoon, near Alpuyeca in the Miacatlán municipality, Morelos, Mexico. This site, in close proximity to the renowned Xochicalco archaeological zone, offers invaluable insights into the region’s ancient civilizations, particularly during its zenith between 500 and 150 BC. The name Coatetelco, with its various interpretations, reflects the rich linguistic and cultural tapestry of the area, hinting at its historical significance as a place of worship, habitation, and strategic importance.

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Name and Etymology

The name Coatetelco is derived from the Nahuatl language, with interpretations such as “place of snakes’ mounds” or “place where there are erected mounds in honor of snakes.” Alternate spellings and meanings include “mound place between trees” or “tree place on a mound” for Cuatetelco, and “place of the stone snake” for Cuahtetelco. The Tlahuica glyph for Quahtetelco depicts a tree over a pyramid, further emphasizing the site’s connection to natural and ceremonial elements.

Background

The region’s history traces back to the end of the Pleistocene, with early inhabitants relying on hunting, gathering, and fishing. The Early Formative period saw the establishment of small villages and the advent of agriculture. By the Mid-Preclassical period, communities flourished along the Chalma River, exhibiting unique ceramic styles while maintaining connections with broader Mesoamerican traditions.

Historical Development

Coatetelco’s archaeological evidence suggests human occupation dating back to the era influenced by Teotihuacan (450-600 BCE), although the most prominent structures date to the Late Postclassical period, particularly during the Mexica epoch. The site experienced significant growth in the Late Preclassical period, with population estimates ranging from 250 to 500 inhabitants. The decline of Xochicalco around 1000 CE led to Miacatlán’s emergence as a regional power, with subsequent historical phases documented through written records and codices.

Archaeological Site

Excavations in the 1970s, led by archaeologist Raúl Arana, unveiled the core of Coatetelco, including a ballgame court, a pyramid-temple, and other structures arranged around a public square. The site features pyramidal bases, platforms, and a ballgame court constructed with earth cores and stone coverings, some retaining stucco remnants and staircases.

Western Platform

The western platform, though largely deteriorated, revealed stucco floors and stone “boxes” atop its structure, alongside a smaller adjacent platform. The discovery of stone cylinder artifacts within this area remains a subject of intrigue, with their specific functions yet to be fully understood.

Ballgame Court

The ballgame court, indicative of Coatetelco’s ceremonial significance, is modest in size and oriented north-south. Excavations unearthed elite burials and a wealth of funeral offerings beneath the main stairway, highlighting the court’s religious, recreational, and political roles.

Extension and Eastern Platforms

The extension platform, possibly dedicated to Ehécatl, the Wind God, features a circular design, while the eastern platform contains several semi-detached buildings, likely serving as altars. These areas have yielded collective and individual burial sites, along with various offerings.

Incense Altar and Xipe-Totec Platform

A notable incense altar, identified by a female figure sculpture and clay incense burners, aligns with depictions in the Mendocino Codex. The Xipe-Totec platform, named after a fragmented deity sculpture found therein, underscores the site’s religious significance and the impact of Spanish conquest practices.

Cuauhtlitzin Temple

The Cuauhtlitzin temple, distinguished as the main temple due to its elevation, features a wide stairway leading to temple remnants. A feminine stone sculpture, identified as Cuauhtlitzin, was discovered here, further enriching our understanding of the site’s ceremonial and cultural dimensions.

Conclusion

The Coatetelco archaeological site offers a window into the complex societal, religious, and cultural dynamics of pre-Hispanic civilizations in the Morelos region. Through ongoing research and excavation, the site continues to reveal the depth of its historical significance, contributing to our broader understanding of Mesoamerican history and heritage.

Conclusion and Sources

Reputable sources used in creating this article include:

• Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coatetelco